Compare the electric cars to the hybrid cars Assignment

Compare the electric cars to the hybrid cars - Assignment Example Hybrid vehicle was developed to replace the use of electric vehicles. More electric vehicles are being developed as a result of power and battery management. The concerns about reduction of greenhouse emission of gasses and increasing prices of oil has led to the creation of more and more models of electric cars such as Tesla, Frisker, Karma and Toyota RAV4. Electric and hybrid cars may attract the same kind of customers even though they differ in a number of ways. Studies have shown that wealthier and younger people purchase electric vehicles compared to those who buy hybrid cars. Electric cars are considered more expensive than hybrid vehicles because of the expensive technology employed in the designing the cars. Hybrid vehicles such as Prius have existed for a long time on our roads unlike the electric model that is still new to the market, luxurious and attractive to the people. Hybrid cars utilize more than one sources of power in locomotion. The vehicle combines electric motors and internal fuel combustion energy (Antony, 50). An example of a hybrid vehicle is Toyota Prius. Electric cars, on the other hand, utilize electrical energy as the only energy source. Electric vehicles use electricity that is considered cheaper while hybrid vehicles utilize both gasoline and electric energy. Gas is expensive as a result of the rising cost of fuel in the world. With proper power management system in cars such as Karma and Toyota RAV4 which utilize electricity as an energy source, it will cost less to drive in such cars than using a hybrid car (Voelcker, 69). Hybrid cars, on the other hand, use gasoline that is considered environmentally unfriendly. Due to the current global warming as a result of carbon emission, pressure is for companies and countries to put up measure that will prevent greenhouse gasses from being emitted into the atmosphere. Electric cars are, therefore, one of the options in a

Thatchers Britain Essay Example for Free

Thatchers Britain Essay The text that we have been studying in Drama is Willy Russells Blood Brothers. Willy Russell was born in Whiston, near Liverpool, England, in 1947. I believe that his upbringing that he had, and his social and economic circumstances greatly affected the writing of Blood Brothers. He was brought up in a poor area, in a poor family that was treated by the government very badly. We hot seated Willy Russell and found out a lot about him. We found out that he was the author of Blood Brothers and that his parents and how they behaved greatly influenced the play because of his working class background. We then went on to find out that he studied Literature at school and achieved an O level in the subject, the only grade that he achieved in schooling. He hated Thatchers Britain because he had strong views on the working classes attempts to gain access to middle-class culture, he believed that every person should be treated the same no matter what their financial state. He believed that Margaret Thatcher helped the rich and made life difficult for the poor. These views that he had greatly affected his writing because in every play that he wrote, the poor were displayed to be courageous and battling even though they were treated badly, and the rich to have the easy life with not a care in the world and look down on the lower class. The second task that helped us to understand the play more was when the workshop developed to the point where we were able to build the two different households. The first household that we had to build was the Johnston house. We had to think more about what we were going to put into the house because of the poor background that the family had. They couldnt be extravagant and had to have a cheap, rough looking sofa, a dirty unfashionable carpet and a big, old TV set. This really helped us to understand the economic issues that the Johnston family had by just letting our minds see what their home was like. You could instantly see that they couldnt afford much and the social affect of being a single mother with only one salary coming into the family really affected them. The theme that ran their lives was that of great poverty. When we built the Lyon family house, it was a completely different story. Big, long dining table, crystal glasses and even a piano in the corner! The Lyon family was obviously the rich family of the play and they could afford to splash out on things because they had money. Hot seating Mrs Johnston really helped me to understand what life was really like for her; she struggled as a mother and provider and felt unloved and unappreciated by her rowdy family. We asked her if she was proud of her home, she said yes because everything in it, she had paid for herself and that made her feel very proud, almost as if she had achieved something. When we sculpted the still images inside both the families, this helped us all to understand the relationships between the characters. In the Johnston image, all the children were close to each other and argued in a playful way showing affection and love towards on another. It was loud with excitement about the Reverend coming round for tea, and the weekly treat of Fish and Chips. Whereas in the Lyon house, the three members of the family were silent while eating their dinner and only spoke when they snapped at each other. The mother sat closer to the child and the father sat at the opposite end of the table, showing a greater more affectionate bond between the mother and son than between father and son. When thought tracking these still images, we were able to find out what the characters really thought about the situation that they were in. Nearly every member in the Johnston household was happy with their poverty-ridden life because they had love and trust. In the Lyons household there was a great divide between the family and the constant arguments and father working away had pushed a barrier between them all. They felt unable to love on another, they only felt anger. As you can see, the influences that Willy Russell had and his own beliefs really have affected this play. He has made the Johnston family that of a loving, courageous family that makes each moment of their life count. Contrastively, in the Lyon household, the author has portrayed the family of that of a over paid, worthless family that has more money than sense. After exploring the text in more depth than just reading it, I feel like I now know a lot more about it and really can understand the thought process that Willy Russell went through when he was writing it. I can clearly see the evidence that made him write the play like he has, and can easily pick out the influences he put into the play from his own life. From using role reversal on the scene were the two boys meet for the first time, I have gained an extra understanding of the relationship of the boys. From changing the mother to Mrs Lyons instead of Mrs Johnston really changed the whole scene greatly. The boys relationship when they first meet really expands; they meet and discover that they have the same birthday. For any young boy, meeting a person that has the same birthday as you is amazing, you feel connected to the person because birth is a special thing! When they become Blood Brothers you really feel the connection between the two and how strongly they are now feeling or their brother. In this scene there is a great show of contrast when Mickey teaches Eddie his new favourite word. It shows the great divide between the two classes due to Thatchers Britain. When Mrs Lyons come in and discovers the two boys, we improvised that she would become really angry with the boys for ever meeting. We decided that this was because she was petrified that Mr Lyons would find out about her never having a child. Next comes the character of Linda. When she discovers later on in the play that Eddie loves her even though she is married to Mickey, what were her feelings? This I what we set out to find out. By using the explorative strategy of Devil/Angel we were able to do this. We found out that she cared greatly for her husband Mickey, but wanted more than she had achieved in her life. She then thought that he only way she would be able to do this was by dating Eddie. We found that she was really very confused because she didnt know which man she wanted more. She had a house and children with Mickey, but wanted to live up to greater things with Eddie. I believe that she had these feelings because she thought that rich Eddie had the easy, carefree life of a rich person in 1980s Britain and she wouldnt have to worry anymore about her financial ways. Basically she wanted out of her poverty ridden life of being Mrs Johnston. At the end of the play, after the meeting between Linda and Mickey after she has been out to lunch with Eddie, we developed the feelings of Mickey as he travelled to the Lyon household. WE did this by using the explorative strategy of a conscience alley. We discovered that the main thoughts travelling trough Mickeys mind were those of hatred and a want for revenge towards Eddie because of the fact that he had cheated on him with his wife. We then continued to look at the scene when Eddie meets the enraged Mickey at his house. We marked out four important scenes, which we felt were turning points in the scene. These point were: 1. When Mickey first gets to the Lyon household 2. When he pulls out the gun on Eddie and asks him who has the power 3. When he reveals that the gun was actually a fake 4. When he pours his heart out to Eddie about the situation of him and his wife We chose these scene because they pitch the different aspects of the final scene, they have nearly all of the feelings of Mickey in them. Love towards Eddie, hatred, the want for revenge all of them. On further development, and turning the still images into a crime report. I personally discovered that the boys deep down really cared for each other and that neither of them wanted to hurt the other. When I wrote and performed my soliloquy of Linda, I really had to focus on the Angel/Devil exercise and the feelings that she had towards each character. I decided that she would be more devastated about the loss of her husband than that of her friend. I thought that she would blame Eddie and herself for Mickeys death because if they had never gone to lunch, Mickey would never have gone over to the Lyon household with the feelings that he did. I now feel that I fully understand the form and structure of Blood Brothers. It is a episodic comedy/tragedy that really shows you how tough it was to live as a working class in Thatchers Britain.

Georg Simon Ohm :: essays research papers fc

Georg Simon Ohm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the time Georg Simon Ohm was born not much was known about electricity, he was out to change this. Georg grew up in Bavaria which is why most information about Georg is in German. There is even a College named after him: Georg-Simon-Ohm Fachhochschule Nuernberg. To much dismay not a whole lot has been written about him. Usually you will find a paragraph of the summary of his life. I hope to change this flaw in the history books by telling you as much as I could find on his life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Georg was growing up his dad, owner of a prosperous locksmith business, wanted young Georg to study mathematics before joining the family business. Georg attended a Gymnasium, like a college, in Erlangen, Bavaria (now Germany) . During his time at this Gymnasium a professor noticed how he excelled in math. This professor's name was Karl Christian von Langsdorf, Georg owes this man much credit from his recommendations to others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After he graduated he took a job teaching mathematics at Erlangen University in 1805. He spent the next years looking for a better teaching position. He found what he was looking for in 1817 when a job was made available to him at Cologne Gymnasium. He now looked to research electrical current. In 1827 he published Die galvanishce Kette, mathematisch bearbeit (The Galvanic Circuit, Mathematically Treated). This was a mathematical description of conduction in circuits modeled after Fourier's study of heat conduction. This is also known as Ohm's Law.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ohm's Law, which is Georg's greatest accomplishment, started as an experiment. The experiment's purpose was to find the relationship between current and the length of the wire carrying it. Ohm's results proved that as the wire increased the current decreased. Ohm came up with a formula to state these findings. It is V=IR, where as V=Voltage, I=Current, and R=Resistance. Ohm came up with a statement for this: current is equal to the tension (potential difference) divided by the overall resistance. Units of resistance, or ohms, are named after Georg Ohm. The inverse of resistance is conductance and it's units are mho, or Ohm's name spelled backwards. This is expressed as G=I/R or I=GV. That is conductance is equal to Current divided by resistance. Georg's work was under constant ridicule because it was experiment only and was irrelevant to a true understanding of nature. So he felt compelled to resign his job at Cologne. He continued his research after this time. After six years he got another teaching job at Nuremberg. He was recognized by the Royal Society of London for his work in the 1840s.

Frankenstein’s Monster Essay

In the beginning of the story, Elizabeth who was adopted daughter of Victor Frankenstein’s parents falls ill to a deadly illness, which is called scarlet fever. Victor Frankenstein’s mother nurses Elizabeth, and she finally gets better; however Victor Frankenstein’s mother contracts the illness with fatal consequences. Victor Frankenstein becomes very upset when his mother dies. This event make Victor Frankenstein very determined to study and become a doctor and preserve life. Victor Frankenstein goes to a university in Ingolstadt to study. He seems to be in two minds about his, â€Å"departure for Ingolstadt, which had been deferred by these events†, because he feels guilty about leaving the house of mourning so soon but he is very eager to study. When Frankenstein begins his study at the university, he becomes interested in bringing people back to life. He becomes so interested that he convinces himself that he could revive a dead human being back to life, â€Å"one of the phenomena which had peculiarly attracted my attention was the structure of the human frame, and indeed, any animal endued with life. † The next part of the story is when Victor Frankenstein creates the creature and he tries to bring him to life by using electricity, â€Å"I collected the instruments of life around me, might I infuse a spark of being into the lifeless thing .† Once the creature gains life, Victor Frankenstein describes the creature as a â€Å"demon† and a â€Å"wretch†. Frankenstein can only see what the creature looks like on the outside and so believes the creature is evil, † How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe, or how delineate the wretch whom with infinite pains and care I had endeavoured to form? † Mary Shelley makes the reader feel sympathy for the creature by the way see the way the monster was made this fill us full of horror because the way he was made is completely unnatural â€Å"I dabbled among the unhallowed damps of the grave or tortured the living animals to animate the lifeless clay† This make u feel that the monster was born out of pain and horror. Another way Mary Shelley make feel sympathy for the creature is the way she describes the place the creature was made as no one should be brought in to the world in a place like that â€Å"In a solitary chamber, or rather cell, at the top of the house, and separated from all the other apartments by a gallery and staircase, I kept my workshop of filthy creations† Some readers may gain sympathy towards the monster as Frankenstein refers to the monster as filthy as may mean filthy as physically filthy or mentally filthy. One of the biggest ways that Mary Shelley gains sympathy for the creature is the way she describes him, this tells the reader how ugly he is and it also tells the reader what Frankenstein thinks of him â€Å"His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles arteries beneath; his hair was of lustrous black, and following; his teeth of a pearly whiteness; but seemed almost the same colour as the dun-white sockets in which they were set, his shrivelled complexion and straight black lips. † The description Mary Shelley uses gives the image that the creature is evil although the creature’s personality is pleasant. Also this is how Frankenstein sees the creature as Frankenstein should be a farther figure and towards the creature he should help the creature to learn about the world instead he is disgusted by what he has created also and only see what the creature looks like not how the creature is inside and so he believes the creature is evil. One other way is the way that Frankenstein flees his creation â€Å"The miserable monster whom I had created. He held up the curtains of the bed; and his eyes, if they maybe called, were fixed on me. His jaws opened, and he muttered some inarticulate sounds, while a grin wrinkled his cheeks. He might have spoken, but I did not hear; one hand was stretched out seeming to detain me, but I escaped and rushed down the stairs. I took refuse in the courtyard belonging to the house, which I inhabited. † This makes you feel sympathy towards the monster because Frankenstein should be like a father towards the monster and help him through the early stages of his life but instead he abandons him leaves him to survive on his own. Probably the monster feels frightened, and confused, as he is like a newborn baby unaware of anything also not knowing anything. Uneducated, Victor Frankenstein’s creation is forced to fend for itself, and find food, even he doesn’t know how to or what food is.

Marketing Strategy of Viet Nam Toyota Inc

TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION1 1. Overview Toyota motor Corporation1 2. Overview Toyota motor Viet Nam2 3. Literature review2 4. Purpose of this research paper2 II. METHOD3 III. MATERIAL4 IV. RESULT5 1. Personal information5 2. Research information6 V. REFERENCE 13 VI. APPENDIX15 * Questionnaire15 INTRODUCTION Toyota motor Corporation, abbreviated TMC, is a multinational automobile manufacturers headquartered in Toyota, Aichi, Japan. The company was founded by  Kiichiro Toyoda  in 1937 as a spinoff from  his father's  company  Toyota Industries  to create automobiles.Toyota Motor Corporation  (TMC) is the world’s largest automobile manufacturers, selling over 8. 4 million vehicles in 2010 on all five continents. Toyota today has 77 manufacturing companies in 27 countries and markets vehicles in more than 170 countries worldwide, supported by a consolidated workforce of approximately 320,000 people. A very efficient management style that the company uses has b een one of the reasons for the firm’s good performance. There are many other salient factors that have made the company achieve the niche of market leader. The market structure the company operates in cannot be definitely stated.Some may consider it to be a monopoly. This is due to the fact that the company is a dominant market player in car exportation. In fact, its differentiation strategy has made it enjoy an almost monopolistic presence especially in the developing nations of the world. On the other hand, the market structure can be seen as an oligopoly. This is due to the fact that there are other key players like GM who are peer competitors. Toyota is keen to see what these competitors are doing and make sure it reacts to their actions in a way that will guarantee its market leadershipWith their consistency in innovating designs and over a billion dollars spent in advertisement a year, Toyota has become an attraction in the eyes of many auto consumers worldwide. Toyota has built its reputation not only by producing high quality vehicles at affordable prices, but the brand and marketing skills they use through tactful pricing strategies. Toyota has differentiated their prices from the traditional pricing set up of many of the other automobile makers. However, it is their effectiveness in targeting consumers' needs and wants that has pushed them to the top.Toyota motor Viet Nam ( TMV) was established on September 5,1995 ( official opening in October 1996 ) . In Viet Nam, Toyota is one of the most famous car brands, accounting for a large market share in the market, with many kinds of car that meet the needs of Vietnamese consumers. Joining the automobile market since its initial days, up to now, TMV has incessantly developed both in sales, production scale and labor force. According to Forture magazine’s (Published global business magazine). The key to success of Toyota corporations is not only style quality but also due to many reasons.One o f the main reason for success of TMV is that they concentrate on marketing and promotion plan for their products. This is a sound strategy that brings TMV to success. This study will show the importance of marketing strategy of Viet Nam Toyota Inc. METHOD Our 5-year research of Toyota Marketing Strategies in Viet Nam began in the summer of 2005 and ended in the fall of 2010. The subjects were selected from Toyota Ben Thanh, known as the best-selling and the largest agent of Toyota in southern region. This research surveyed 100 people.The major subjects were sales representatives of the agent, staffs of the marketing department and customers. In which, 30 sales representatives were chosen on the following criteria: having good achievement in the agent and receiving good feedback from customers. 70 selected customers were those who had demand of buying car and those who were the agent’s close customers or potential customers. The instrument employed in this study was interviews and survey (questionnaire). A set of 20 questions closely linked to the study was given to each subject. The interview with some random questions was based on subject’s characteristics (e. . job, department, product evaluation, income, etc). This survey took one week to get the feedback for evaluating and judgment. The questionnaire was also performed in online version under the help of Google Docs (https://docs. google. com/) and shared on social network Google+â„ ¢. All collected data was digitalized and statistics were made using Microsoft ® Excel and IBM ® SPSS ® Statistics software. MATERIAL Observations were made at customers shopping at the Toyota Company in order to learn the consumers’ attentions on products and their final decisions.The opinions of customers were collected by questionnaire and interview. In the questionnaire, there are two main parts that are personal information section and research information section separated. The personal infor mation part was designed to collect some private information of participants, particularly age, gender, and job. And the research information part which consisted of 20 research questions is divided into 4 main groups as follows: Group 1 (question 1 to 3) was designed to collect some private information of participants. Besides, it is used to define the customer’s demand and finance.From this we can find latent customers of the company. Group 2: (question 4 to 7) was to identify how customers get information about the product of Toyota companies. And we can know the marketing method Toyota company has used that brings the most effective result Group 3: (question 7 to 12) aimed at the opinions of customers after using Toyota corporations’ products. It is not only used to assess the quality, services but also the attitude of the staff. Group 4: (question 13 to 20) was used to get the complain from the customers and what they expect to the products and service in the futu re.From this we can identify the way to develop the company. RESULT * Part 1: Personal information Chart 1 – Gender Chart 1 indicates the participation of male and female in shopping through the Toyota system. It shows that not only women who have shopping habit but also men took a significant part of using toyota products (male accounts for 63% and female accounts for 37%). Chart 2 – Customers Besides, chart 2 displays the percentage of participants’ customers in shopping through the Toyota system in which business and office staffs are accounted for a large percentage (45% of business and 37% of office staffs).Meanwhile, other job also accounted for a considerable portion (18%), in which include singer ,actor, footballer,†¦ etc. * Part 2:Research information Why do more consumers choose Toyota? The same reasons the critics do. Toyota leads the pack in fuel efficiency, durability, popularity and safety. Toyota is the most fuel-efficient full line automaker in America. Plus, Toyota is the number 1 selling brand of hybrids – Toyota has more hybrids on the road than all other manufacturers combined. Moreover, Toyota has the greatest durability of any manufacturer.With the highest percentage of vehicles sold over the past 20 years still on the road among major manufacturers. And Toyota is the first manufacturer to include Star Safety System features standard on all vehicles. That's just part of the reason why Toyota has more vehicle listed on the top 10 of least expensive cars to insure than any other brand. Otherwise,  Toyota's received more 2010 JD Power & Associates Vehicle Dependability Awards than any other brand. Toyota has the largest number of vehicles on Cars. com's top 10 American Made Index.Seven Toyota vehicles have won IntelliChoice's Best Overall Value award for their segments. And Toyota is the highest-ranking auto company on Bloomberg Businessweeks' 2010 list of the 50 Most Innovative Companies. Chart 3 displays the customers’ criteria of choosing Toyota products which was divided into four main elements: benefit, price, companies’ reputation and quality. Over a half of them was preferred products’ quality (56. 25%) to price (21. 8%), companies’ reputation (12. 5%) and benefit (9. 37%). This finding shows that the consumers’ priority concern was products’ quality which conflicts with their experiences.Market Program This consists of the four marketing mix elements that are designed to fit the market in terms of their needs and ability to access such products and services. * Product Strategy The Company is believed to be moving with a strategy of mass production of which it has enabled it to sell widely in the global market. It has also included the strategy of hybrid product, where it can double the amount of production for the arising needs in the market. * Price Strategy The reputation of the Company has been developed by producing high quality ve hicles that can be bought at a reasonable price.The Company has also been using tactful pricing strategies through price differentiation so that they are different from other automobile producers. * Location Strategy Being a global producer and supplier of Toyota automobiles and their components, Toyota Company has positioned itself all over the world giving it a clear cut within the market. Within three years to come, it is working towards the achievement of about 35 percent of the market share, and this will make it to be best and top supplier of automobile products. * Promotion StrategyThe Company is determined to use a pricing mechanism that will give it a competitive edge over its main competitors. This is a mechanism that it is using to market itself so that it can get hold of market share that will see it better in achieving the highest level in the market. Marketing Implementation Analysis Toyotas main focus will be in reaching the new markets of China and Europe. It will al so be concerned about the competition from other firms like Ford and GM. An advantage the company has is the widely differentiated product range.Establishing new factories in these new markets as well as opening up new franchises will help the company in getting an ease of penetrating the new markets Human resource is one of the most important aspects in this plan. The company should always make sure they have highly motivated staff as this is directly proportional to good production both in the qualitative and quantitative aspects. Toyota can do this by coming up with schemes of rewarding their employees like helping them own cars subsidized rates. The company should also make sure the personnel are the best in terms of technical know-how.The company needs to carry out frequent training towards this end. Tactical Marketing Activities Toyota has taken a bold step in being a leader in sustainable development. This position will need some innovations which translate to expenditure. Th ey are however necessary as a way of staying ahead of competition. The activities the company will embark on are given in chart 4 Chart 4: Tactical Marketing activities Specific Tactical Activities| Person/DepartmentResponsible| RequiredBudget millions of yen| CompletionDate| Product Activities1. Car air conditioning compressor2.DC-DC converters for fuel efficiency 3. Low Exhaust Emission Engine | Production engineers and Product management| 30. 45| 2011| Pricing Activities1. New Technologies2. Compression of Production platforms3. Merger of Assembly points| Operations management| 15. 25| 2012| Distribution Activities1. Opening up of new factory in America and china2. Machine handling3. Logistical operations| Logistics management| 21. 40| 2010| IMC (Promotion) Activities1. Concerts2. Volunteer3Youth Invention club| Marketing manager| 9. 20| 2012| Implementation PlanThere are a number of activities that have been projected within a life span of three years and the following represent ation shows the aspects that have been targeted and within what strategic period of time. Year| To be Achieved| New Targeted Markets (millions)| Cumulative Targeted Markets (millions)| Today (2010)| Working towards hybrid products| 250| 250| 1st Year (2011)| Introduction of pricing mechanism and price differentiation strategies. | 320| 600| 2nd Year (2012)| Enhancing hybrid products by use of new technologies| 370| 970| 3rd Year (2013)| Product differentiation to meet the needs of the market| 420| 1320|REFERENCE 1. Armstrong, G. , ; Kotler, P. (2002). Marketing: an introduction (International edition). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Retrieved October 7, 2010 from http://www. pearsonhighered. com/educator/product/Marketing-An-Introduction-7E/9780131424104. page 2. Armstrong, G. , ; Kotler, P. (2003). Marketing: an introduction. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Retrieved October 7, 2010 from http://html-pdf-converter. com/en/convert? u=search-pdf-books. com/philip-kotler,-and-gary-armstrong. -m arketing-management. -prentice-hall,-2003-download-pdf-free-pdf/ 3. Chamberlin, P. (2009).Customer service complaint handling. New York: The Gurdian. Retrieved October 7, 2010 from http://www. impactfactory. com/p/customer_service_skills_training_development/issues_936-2103-87287. html 4. Hiroshu O. (2003). Chairman’s message. Retrieved September 30th 2010, from the Toyota company website. http://www. toyota. co. jp/en/ir/library/annual/pdf/2003/chairmans_message_e. pdf 5. Levitt, T. (1975). Marketing myopia. Harvard business review , 26-40. Retrieved   October 7, 2010 from http://www. casadogalo. com/marketingmyopia. pdf 6. Johannes, G. , Bill, K. , ; Plenert. (2000).Finite capacity scheduling: management selection and implementation. New York: John wiley ; sons Inc. Retrieved October 7, 2010 from http://search. barnesandnoble. com/Finite-Capacity-Scheduling/Gerhard-Plenert/e/9780471352648 7. Porter, M. (1996). What is strayegy? Harvad business review , 61-69. Retrieved Oc tober 7, 2010 from http://www. ipocongress. ru/download/guide/article/what_is_strategy. pdf 8. Shaffer, J. (2003). Communicating for business results: how to choose and execute communication projects that dramatically help company. Journal of employee communication management , 34-36. . Thomas, J. G. (2001). Business planning: long range and strategic management. Dublin: Black Hall Publishers Ltd. Retrieved October 7, 2010 from http://books. google. co. ke/books? id=MiR2ls7Uyo8C;dq=Business+planning:;source=gbs_navlinks_s APPENDIX QUESTIONNAIRE Name of the consumer: ________________________________ Age: ______ Sex: _______ Address: ______________________________________ City: ________________ State: ___________________ Zip: _________________ Telephone: ____________________ Fax: ____________________________ Email: _________________________ 1.In what type of business, industry or profession do you work? (Please check one. ) 0 Agriculture/forestry/construction 1 Data processing/compute rs 2 Finance/banking/insurance 3 Health care (medical, dental, etc. ) 4 Real estate 5 Wholesale trade 6 Retail trade 7 Other: ______________ (please specify) 8 Communications/publishing/advertising 9 Education 10 Government/public administration 11 Manufacturing 12 Personal/business services (consultant, CPA, lawyer, etc. ) 13 Transportation/public utilities 2. What is your position? (Please check only one. ) 14 Chairman of the Board 15 Owner/Partner 6 Other Company Officer (V. P. , Treasurer, etc. ) 17 Manager 18 Scientist or Engineer 19 Sales 20 Clerical 21 Other: _______________ (please specify) 22 President/CEO 23 Director 24 Department Head 25 Supervisor/Foreman 26 Other administrative position not mentioned 27 Technical Specialist 28 Retired 3. What is your total annual household income? (Include income from all family members and all sources—salary, bonuses, investment income, rents, royalties, et 29 Less than $30,000 30 $40,000 – $49,999 31 $60,000 – $74 ,999 32 $100,000 – $149,999 33 $250,000 – $499,999 34 $1 million or more 4.How often do you see the advertisement of Toyota Corporation ? * Once in a day * More than 5 times * Not even once 5. Please state where you first heard about companies. * Infomercial: ________  Radio ad: _______  Newspaper ad: _______ * Internet: ________  Sales agent: ________  Company rep: ________ * A friend: ________  Family member: ________  Other (specify): ________ 6. Did the ad provide relevant information about the product? * Excellent * Very good * Not appealing at all 7. Are the claims made in this advertisement believable? * Very believable * Not believable * Can't say 8. How is our customer service? Very good * Average * Poor 9. Does the marketing team act like professionals? * Yes * No 10. Please rate your satisfaction with the quality of our products. * Excellent * Very good * Average * Poor 11. Please rate your satisfaction with the delivery system of our products. * Excellent * Very good * Average * Poor 12. Please state the best aspects of our products ______________________________ 13. Please state the worst aspects of our products ______________________________ 14. List any other features that you would like to see in our services or products ______________________________

How to Write a Presentation in Sociology

How to Write a Presentation in Sociology Making oral academic presentations is an important part of all sociology courses. Creating a good presentation in sociology requires the ability to write with a sociology perspective. Wondering what it means? Read this article to learn about the most important characteristics of sociology writing. Making a sociology talk may seem a daunting task but here you will find an easy step-by-step writing guide that will help you write a fabulous presentation in sociology. If you have problems with writing other types of papers, check other articles on our website where you will find full writing guides to all writing assignments out there. What Is a Presentation in Sociology? Sociology studies human life and uses specific methods of investigation to identify social patterns and explain processes of the development and change in human societies. Students who study sociology have to complete plenty of assignments that belong to different writing genres – literature reviews, article critiques, issue analyses, topic essays, qualitative and quantitative research papers, and methodological designs. Besides, sociology students often have to write papers and deliver oral presentations on various sociology topics which can be analytical where they need to analyze and critique previous research and argumentative where they need to make an argument for specific research. Sociology presentations, as well as other types of papers, have their specifics. Sociologists study different issues related to individuals, businesses, governments, social movements and examine phenomena such as class, gender, and race and how they influence people’s opportunities and choices. We may even say that sociology studies almost everything so it’s not the subject but a perspective that makes writings sociological. Here are the key characteristics of sociological writing: Writing in sociology involves trying to understand how different groups and individuals interact with society; Sociological argument needs to be clear and all claims must be supported by evidence; Sociology is an empirical science and all conclusions are based on documented evidence which relies on observed patterns; Sociologists use qualitative data that come from in-depth-interviews, observations, and texts and quantitative data which are based on statistics, censuses, and surveys; The most effective way to enhance your argument in sociology papers is to combine both qualitative and quantitative methods. How to Choose an Interesting Topic for a Presentation in Sociology? As we have already mentioned, sociology studies a lot of subjects related to human life so the choice of topics for your oral presentations is practically limitless. But you should keep in mind that the topic for your talk should be narrow and focused enough to be manageable and interesting and, at the same time, it should be broad enough to find necessary information. You should use brainstorming technique to generate topic ideas and choose a topic that you are interested in. Then make a list of relevant keywords and do preliminary research. Start your research with reading articles in an online encyclopedia to get an overview of the topic and understand how it relates to broader and narrower issues. You may want to modify your topic during the research process because you can never know what you can find. When you have found enough material, you will need to formulate your topic as a focused research question and create a working thesis statement that provides an answer to your research question. Make sure that your question is sociological and examines a social meaning or a specific pattern of a phenomenon. Here are some interesting topic ideas for sociology presentation: Differences Between the Ethnicity and Race; Racial Segregation in Big Cities; Youth and Deviant Behavior; Extreme Sports Culture; Gender Stereotypes in Science; History of the Animal Rights Movement; Gender Inequality at Work; Causes and Effects Of Cyberbullying; Causes of the Poverty Gap; Principles of Conflict Theory; Subcultures in The United States; History of the Black Lives Matter Movement; The Phenomenon of Online Dating; Social Stratification Theory; Cults in the 21st Century. Plan and Structure Your Presentation in Sociology Every presentation requires careful planning. First, you should establish a purpose of your presentation and decide what outcome you expect to achieve – inform your audience, make them more interested in your topic, convince them to accept a specific point of view or persuade them to take some action. Then analyze your audience and think how you can tailor your presentation to make it more appealing to them. Think about a working thesis statement (which is actually your key message) because it will help you conduct a research and stay focused to find enough material for your argument. When doing research, create a list of different points that can support your thesis and gather evidence, facts, and examples to illustrate those points and prove that they are right. Finally, you should decide what points you will include in your oral sociology presentation. Oral presentations are between 10-15 minutes in length so you won’t be able to cover more than 3-4 main points. Remember that you will need to have some time for an introduction and conclusion. Revise your thesis statement to ensure that it is clear and highly specific and use it as a starting point to create an outline for your talk. It’s important that your thesis should be debatable and narrow enough to be supported with evidence. Review this thesis statement example: ‘Gender stereotypes can cause unequal and unfair treatment and present a serious obstacle to achieving real gender equality.’ Create a working outline for your presentation that will help you develop a logical structure for presenting the results of your research and analysis. Oral academic presentations may have a similar structure to written papers. You can create a traditional outline that consists of an introduction which introduces the topic and presents the research question, main body which consists of your key points supported by appropriate evidence, and conclusion which wraps up your presentation and provides suggestions for further research. Your outline may change over time as you work on your project. You may want to add new evidence or change the order of your themes. Structuring your sociology presentation is a very important step that will help you craft your key message in a logical and simple way. Besides, in this way, you’ll help your audience keep up with you and take away your key message. Write an Introduction The goal of an introduction is to explain the subject and the purpose of your sociology presentation and engage your audience. First, you need to capture your audience’s attention and you can do it in a number of ways, for example, state a problem, share a personal story, tell a startling statistic, quote a famous person, ask a thought-provoking question. After that, you need to introduce yourself. In this part of your talk, you will need to do the following things: Inform about the general topic; Explain your subject; Tell what issues or challenges you will be discussing; Explain how you will treat your topic (e.g. describe, evaluate, analyze, compare, argue): I will be comparing †¦; State the desired outcome of your talk: I hope this will allow us †¦; Briefly outline your main points: I will be covering 3 points †¦. You should also tell your audience how long your presentation will last and what they will need to do. Tell them when they will be able to ask questions. Write Body Paragraphs In this part, you need to fulfill the promises that you made in the introduction. Create a list of main points that you want to make and organize them logically, for example, chronologically, by theme or priority. Address your key points one by one and add supporting evidence and examples. Start each paragraph with a topic sentence that introduces your main point; Explain each point in a couple of sentences and support it with data, statistics, and facts; End each paragraph with a concluding sentence where you summarize the content of the paragraph. You should use appropriate links between the ideas and always inform your audience when you move to the next point. Transition words, phrases, and sentences can help other people navigate through your sociology presentation. Transitions will draw your audience’s attention to the content of your talk and to the process. Review some examples: First, I will cover †¦ I’d just like to mention †¦ Moving away from a focus on †¦ A major issue is †¦ Now let’s consider †¦ This is similar to †¦ Write a Conclusion A powerful conclusion is the best place to reinforce your key message and tie together all parts of your sociology presentation. It should be short and concise. In this part, you need to summarize your main points, give an overview of the information that have been discussed, and try to make a lasting impression on your audience. You should never introduce any new information here. You can follow these steps: Remind your audience about the topic and the purpose of your sociology presentation: In this talk, I wanted to analyze †¦; Sum up the main points and tell about their implications: Let me briefly summarize †¦; Tell what will happen next (a group discussion, questions); Thank the audience for their attention. Revise, Edit, and Proofread Your Draft Don’t expect that the first draft of your speech will be perfect. Be ready that you may need to revise it several times. Revision is often a neglected part of the writing process but, in fact, it’s a critical step where you should reconsider your ideas and presentation structure and address the issues in the development and coherence. Revising involves making big changes while editing and proofreading means making small changes. Here is what you should do: Read your presentation carefully and create a post-draft outline which can help you see if you need to make broad changes in the organization or content; Identify the main ideas in all paragraphs and rank their importance. Check connections between the ideas; Improve your thesis statement and restructure your argument by reordering your points, adding additional evidence, cutting redundancies or irrelevancies; Improve the content in your introduction and conclusion. Make sure that every paragraph begins with a topic sentence which links ideas to the thesis statement; Edit your presentation to improve style. Check word choice and eliminate wordiness; Make sure that all sentences are clear and have a proper structure. Check the use of active and passive voice; Proofread your speech and fix grammar, punctuation, and spelling mistakes. Check the citation format. How to Create Slides for Your Presentation in Sociology Visual aids can support your key message in a sociology presentation and help your listeners follow along with what you are talking about. You may create PowerPoint slides to present your outline, statistics, tables, and diagrams, emphasize key points, and signal new information. If you use slides properly, they can be a powerful tool. Here are some standard tips you should follow when creating your slides: Make all your slides simple and include as little information as possible on each of them; Don’t put more than 6 lines of text on a slide; Don’t write text in full sentences. Instead, use keywords and bullet points; Use readable sans-serif fonts, for example, Verdana, Arial or Century Gothic at least 30pt or higher. Make sure that your text can be easily read from the back of the room. Use color with care and avoid very bright colors; Keep a strong contrast between text and background. Use a contrasting color to emphasize important points in the text; Use no more than 2 relevant images per slide; Make no more than 10 slides, including an intro slide that outlines your ideas and a summary slide which presents key points to remember. Making an academic presentation in sociology doesn’t have to be a challenge. Use recommendations from our step-by-step guide and you will easily cope with this assignment. Remember that you will feel more confident if you practice your sociology presentation several times before delivery.

Samuel Morse and the Invention of the Telegraph

Samuel Morse and the Invention of the Telegraph The word telegraph is derived from Greek and means to write far, which describes exactly what a telegraph does. At the height of its use,  telegraph technology involved a worldwide system of wires with stations and operators and messengers, that carried messages and news by electricity faster than any other invention before it. Pre-Electricity Telegraphy Systems The first crude telegraph system was made without electricity. It was a system of semaphores or tall poles with movable arms, and other signaling apparatus, set within physical sight of one another. There was such a telegraph line between Dover and London at during the Battle of Waterloo; that related the news of the battle, which had come to Dover by ship, to an anxious London, when a fog set in (obscuring the line of sight) and the Londoners had to wait until a courier on horseback arrived. Electrical Telegraph The electrical telegraph is one of Americas gifts to the world. The credit  for this invention belongs to Samuel Finley Breese Morse. Other inventors had discovered the principles of the telegraph, but Samuel Morse was the first to understand the practical significance of those facts and was the first to take steps to make a practical invention; which took him 12 long years of work. Early Life of  Samuel Morse Samuel Morse was born in 1791, in Charlestown, Massachusetts. His father was a Congregational minister and a scholar of high standing, who was able to send his three sons to Yale College. Samuel (or Finley, as he was called by his family) attended Yale at the age of fourteen and was taught by Benjamin Silliman, Professor of Chemistry, and Jeremiah Day, Professor of Natural Philosophy, later President of Yale College, whose teaching gave Samuel the education which in later years led to the invention of the telegraph. Mr. Days lectures are very interesting, the young student wrote home in 1809; they are upon electricity; he has given us some very fine experiments, the whole class taking hold of hands form the circuit of communication and we all receive the shock apparently at the same moment. Samuel Morse the Painter Samuel Morse was  a gifted  artist; in fact, he earned a part of his college expenses painting miniatures at five dollars apiece. He even decided at first to become an artist rather than an inventor. Fellow student Joseph M. Dulles of Philadelphia wrote the following about Samuel, Finley [Samuel Morse] bore the expression of gentleness entirely... with intelligence, high culture, and general information, and with a strong bent to the fine arts. Soon after graduating from Yale, Samuel Morse made the acquaintance of Washington Allston, an American artist. Allston was then living in Boston but was planning to return to England, he arranged for Morse to accompany him as his pupil. In 1811, Samuel Morse went to England with Allston and returned to America four years later an accredited portrait painter, having studied not only under Allston but under the famous master, Benjamin West. He opened a studio in Boston, taking commissions for portraits Marriage Samuel Morse married Lucretia Walker in 1818. His reputation as a painter increased steadily, and in 1825 he was in Washington painting a portrait of the Marquis La Fayette, for the city of New York, when he heard from his father the bitter news of his wifes death. Leaving the portrait of La Fayette unfinished, the heartbroken artist made his way home. Artist or Inventor? Two years after his wifes death, Samuel Morse was again obsessed with the marvels of electricity, as he had been in college, after attending a series of lectures on that subject given by James Freeman Dana at Columbia College. The two men became friends. Dana visited Morses studio often, where the two men would talk for hours. However, Samuel Morse was still devoted to his art, he had himself and three children to support, and painting was his only source of income. In 1829, he returned to Europe to study art for three years. Then came the turning point in the life of Samuel Morse. In the autumn of 1832, while traveling home by ship, Samuel Morse joined a conversation with a few scientists scientific men who were on board. One of the passengers asked this question: Is the velocity of electricity reduced by the length of its conducting wire? One of the men replied that electricity passes instantly over any known length of wire and referred to Franklins experiments with several miles of wire, in which no appreciable time elapsed between a touch at one end and a spark at the other. This was the seed of knowledge that led the mind of Samuel Morse to invent the telegraph. In November of 1832, Samuel Morse found himself on the horns of a dilemma. To give up his profession as an artist meant that he would have no income; on the other hand, how could he continue wholeheartedly painting pictures while consumed with the idea of the telegraph? He would have to go on painting and develop his telegraph in what time he could spare. His brothers, Richard and Sidney, were both living in New York and they did what they could for him, giving him a room in a building they had erected at Nassau and Beekman Streets. Samuel Morses Poverty How very poor Samuel Morse was at this time is indicated by a story told by General Strother of Virginia who hired Morse to teach him how to paint: I paid the money [tuition], and we dined together. It was a modest meal, but good, and after he [Morse] had finished, he said, This is my first meal for twenty-four hours. Strother, dont be an artist. It means beggary. Your life depends upon people who know nothing of your art and care nothing for you. A house dog lives better, and the very sensitiveness that stimulates an artist to work keeps him alive to suffering. In 1835, Samuel Morse received an appointment to the teaching staff of  New York University  and moved his workshop to a room in the University building in Washington Square. There, he lived through the year 1836, probably the darkest and longest year of his life, giving lessons to pupils in the art of painting while his mind was in the throes of the great invention. The Birth of the Recording Telegraph In that year [1836] Samuel Morse took into his confidence one of his colleagues in the University, Leonard Gale, who assisted Morse in improving the telegraph apparatus. Morse had formulated the rudiments of the telegraphic alphabet, or  Morse Code, as it is known today. He was ready to test his invention. Yes, that room of the University was the birthplace of the Recording Telegraph, said Samuel Morse years later. On September 2, 1837, a successful experiment was made with seventeen hundred feet of copper wire coiled around the room, in the presence of Alfred Vail, a student, whose family owned the Speedwell Iron Works, at Morristown, New Jersey, and who at once took an interest in the invention and persuaded his father, Judge Stephen Vail, to advance money for experiments. Samuel Morse filed a petition for a patent in October and formed a partnership with Leonard Gale, as well as Alfred Vail. Experiments continued at the Vail shops, with all the partners working day and night. The prototype was publicly demonstrated at the University, visitors were requested to write dispatches, and the words were sent around a three-mile coil of wire and read at the other end of the room. Samuel Morse Petitions Washington to Build Telegraph Line In February 1838, Samuel Morse set out for Washington with his apparatus, stopping at Philadelphia on the invitation of the Franklin Institute to give a demonstration. In Washington, he presented to Congress a petition, asking for a money appropriation to enable him to build an experimental telegraph line. Samuel Morse Applies for European Patents Samuel Morse then returned to New York to prepare to go abroad, as it was necessary for his rights that his invention was patented in European countries before publication in the United States. However, the British Attorney-General refused him a patent on the grounds that American newspapers had published his invention, making it public property. He did receive a French  patent. Introduction to the Art of Photography One interesting result of Samuel Morses 1838 trip to Europe was something not related to the telegraph at all. In Paris, Morse met  Daguerre, the celebrated Frenchman who had discovered a process of making pictures by sunlight, and Daguerre had given Samuel Morse the secret. This led to the first pictures taken by sunlight in the United States and to the first photographs of the human face taken anywhere. Daguerre had never attempted to photograph living objects and did not think it could be done, as a  rigidity of position was required for a long exposure. Samuel Morse, however, and his associate, John W. Draper, were very soon taking portraits successfully. Building of the First Telegraph Line In December 1842, Samuel Morse traveled to Washington for another appeal to  Congress. At last, on February 23, 1843, a bill appropriating thirty thousand dollars to lay the wires between Washington and Baltimore passed the House by a majority of six. Trembling with anxiety, Samuel Morse sat in the gallery of  the House  while the vote was taken and that night Samuel Morse wrote, The long agony is over. But the agony was not over. The bill had yet to pass  the Senate. The last day of the expiring session of Congress arrived on March 3, 1843, and the Senate had not yet passed the bill. In the gallery of the Senate, Samuel Morse had sat all the last day and evening of the session. At midnight the session would close. Assured by his friends that there was no possibility of the bill being reached, he left the Capitol and retired to his room at the hotel, broken-hearted. As he ate breakfast the next morning, a young lady with a smile, exclaimed, I have come to congratulate you! For what, my dear friend? asked Morse, of the young lady, who was Miss Annie G. Ellsworth, daughter of his friend the Commissioner of Patents. On the passage of your bill. Morse assured her it was not possible, as he remained in the Senate-Chamber until nearly midnight. She then informed him that her father was present until the close, and, in the last moments of the session, the bill was passed without debate or revision. Professor Samuel Morse was overcome by the intelligence, so joyful and unexpected, and gave at the moment to his young friend, the bearer of these good tidings, the promise that she should send the first message over the first line of the telegraph that was opened. Samuel Morse and his partners then proceeded to the construction of the forty-mile line of wire between Baltimore and Washington. Ezra Cornell, (founder of  Cornell University) had invented a machine to lay pipe underground to contain the wires and he was employed to carry out the work of construction. The work was commenced at Baltimore and was continued until the experiment proved that the underground method would not do, and it was decided to string the wires on poles. Much time had been lost, but once the system of poles was adopted the work progressed rapidly, and by May 1844, the line was completed. On the twenty-fourth of that month, Samuel Morse sat before his instrument in the room of the Supreme Court at Washington. His friend Miss Ellsworth handed him the message which she had chosen: WHAT HATH GOD WROUGHT! Morse flashed it to Vail forty miles away in Baltimore, and Vail instantly flashed back the same momentous words, WHAT HATH GOD WROUGHT! The profits from the invention were divided into sixteen shares (the partnership having been formed in 1838) of which: Samuel Morse held 9, Francis O. J. Smith 4, Alfred Vail 2, Leonard D. Gale 2. First Commercial Telegraph Line In 1844, the first commercial telegraph line was open for business. Two days later, the Democratic National Convention met in Baltimore to nominate a President and Vice-President. The leaders of the Convention wanted to nominate New York Senator Silas Wright, who was away in Washington, as running mate to  James Polk, but they needed to know if Wright would agree to run as Vice-President. A human messenger was sent to Washington, however, a telegraph was also sent to Wright. The telegraph messaged the offer to Wright, who telegraphed back to the Convention his refusal to run. The delegates did not believe the telegraph until the human messenger returned the next day and confirmed the telegraphs message. Improved Telegraph Mechanism and Code Ezra Cornell built more telegraph lines across the United States, connecting city with city, and Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail improved the hardware and perfected the code. Inventor, Samuel Morse lived to see his telegraph span the continent, and link communications between Europe and North America. Replacing the Pony Express By 1859, both the railroad and the telegraph had reached the town of St. Joseph, Missouri. Two thousand miles further east and still unconnected was California. The only transportation to California was by stage-coach, a sixty-day journey. To establish quicker communication with California, the Pony Express mail route was organized. Solo riders on horseback could cover the distance in ten or twelve days. Relay stations for the horses and men were set up at points along the way, and a mailman rode off from St. Joseph every twenty-four hours after the arrival of the train (and mail) from the East. For a time the Pony Express did its work and did it well. President Lincolns first inaugural speech was carried to California by the Pony Express. By 1869, the Pony Express was replaced by the telegraph, which now had lines all the way to San Francisco and seven years later the first  transcontinental railroad  was completed. Four years after that, Cyrus Field and  Peter Cooper  laid the  Atlantic Cable. The Morse telegraph machine could now send messages across the sea, as well as from New York to the Golden Gate.